The phrase encompasses the online discussion and visual documentation, primarily on the Reddit platform, concerning the surgical procedures known as a mommy makeover. These procedures are designed to address the physical changes that can occur in women after pregnancy and childbirth. This phrase directs users to content featuring images and narratives illustrating the transformations individuals have experienced through these combined cosmetic surgeries.
The significance of this online discourse lies in providing accessible, peer-driven information and visual examples to those considering similar procedures. It offers a space for individuals to share their personal experiences, ask questions, and offer support. The availability of these firsthand accounts, accompanied by before-and-after photographs, can contribute to a more informed decision-making process and realistic expectations regarding the potential outcomes and recovery involved in a mommy makeover. Historically, such information was often limited to professional medical sources, making peer-to-peer platforms like Reddit valuable resources.
The following sections will delve into the specific procedures often included in a mommy makeover, the potential benefits and risks involved, and the factors individuals should consider when evaluating the wealth of information available on platforms like Reddit before pursuing such a transformative set of surgeries.
1. Visual transformation documentation
Visual transformation documentation constitutes a core element within the discourse surrounding mommy makeovers on platforms like Reddit. The presence of before-and-after photographs provides a tangible representation of potential surgical outcomes, influencing perception and shaping expectations among individuals considering similar procedures.
-
Comparative Imagery
The primary function of visual documentation resides in the direct comparison of pre-operative and post-operative physiques. These images offer a clear depiction of the changes achieved through surgery, including alterations in breast volume and shape, abdominal contouring, and overall body silhouette. Real-life examples within Reddit posts showcase varying degrees of transformation, illustrating both successful and less-than-ideal outcomes. This comparative aspect allows viewers to assess the potential effectiveness of the procedures for addressing specific concerns.
-
Realistic Expectations Calibration
Visual evidence contributes to the calibration of realistic expectations. While heavily filtered or professionally edited images found elsewhere can present an idealized view, user-submitted content on Reddit often reflects a more candid and unfiltered representation of surgical results. Imperfections, scarring, and variations in healing processes are more readily visible, providing a grounded perspective on the reality of recovery and potential limitations.
-
Procedure Specificity Illustration
Beyond overall changes, visual documentation clarifies the impact of specific procedures within a mommy makeover. Examples might include close-up images detailing scar placement after a tummy tuck or mastopexy, or comparisons highlighting the difference between various breast implant sizes and profiles. These granular details empower individuals to better understand the nuances of each surgical component and its contribution to the overall result.
-
Motivational and Support Tool
The sharing of visual transformations can serve as a source of motivation and support within the online community. Witnessing the positive outcomes experienced by others can instill confidence and alleviate anxieties for those contemplating surgery. Furthermore, the visual aspect facilitates discussion and advice sharing among users, fostering a sense of community and shared experience.
In conclusion, visual transformation documentation serves as a pivotal component of the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” landscape. By providing comparative imagery, calibrating expectations, illustrating procedure specifics, and offering motivational support, these visual aids significantly influence the information-gathering and decision-making processes of individuals exploring the possibility of a mommy makeover.
2. Peer experience narratives
The prevalence of peer experience narratives constitutes a defining characteristic of the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” ecosystem. These narratives, presented as personal accounts, directly influence the perception and understanding of potential patients considering such surgical interventions. The cause-and-effect relationship is evident: the desire for information beyond clinical data drives individuals to seek firsthand perspectives, and these accounts, in turn, shape expectations, influence decision-making, and impact emotional preparedness. As a central component of the online discussion, these narratives offer a multifaceted view that encompasses not only surgical outcomes but also the emotional, financial, and logistical realities of the process. For example, detailed accounts might describe pain management strategies, recovery timelines, interactions with medical staff, and unexpected challenges encountered post-surgery. These details, often absent from formal medical literature, provide a valuable complement to professional consultations.
The practical significance of these narratives lies in their ability to humanize the surgical process. They demystify medical jargon, offer relatable scenarios, and provide a platform for sharing anxieties and triumphs. Individuals detail the strategies they used to navigate childcare during recovery, the specific types of compression garments they found most effective, or the emotional support systems that aided their healing. Furthermore, negative experiences, including complications, dissatisfaction with results, or unexpected financial burdens, are also shared, providing a balanced and realistic portrayal. This candidness allows prospective patients to more accurately assess the potential risks and benefits, weigh their personal circumstances, and formulate informed questions to pose to their surgeons. The sharing of doctor recommendations, both positive and negative, based on personal experience, also provides crowdsourced feedback on provider quality, albeit subject to individual biases.
In summary, peer experience narratives are integral to the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” phenomenon. They bridge the gap between clinical information and lived reality, offering a multifaceted understanding of the surgical journey. While these narratives are valuable, it is crucial to acknowledge potential biases and the variability of individual experiences. Prospective patients should utilize these accounts as a supplement to, not a replacement for, professional medical consultations, and critically evaluate the information presented to make well-informed decisions.
3. Recovery timelines comparison
The “mommy makeover before and after reddit” discussions invariably feature detailed comparisons of recovery timelines. These timelines, derived from individual experiences, serve as critical informational resources for those contemplating similar procedures. The availability of varied recovery narratives provides a spectrum of potential healing processes, facilitating more realistic expectations and informed planning. The absence of such comparative data would render the “before and after” visuals less informative, as the full impact of the surgical intervention is inextricably linked to the duration and intensity of the recovery phase. The cause is the desire for information about the overall experience, and the effect is the creation of user-generated content detailing the recovery process. An example might involve comparing timelines for individuals who underwent different combinations of procedures, such as abdominoplasty with and without liposuction, highlighting the impact of procedure selection on healing duration. This comparison reveals potential differences in pain levels, swelling duration, and time to return to specific activities, such as childcare or work.
The importance of recovery timelines stems from their direct impact on logistical planning. Individuals require information about the time required for initial healing, the duration of activity restrictions, and the anticipated need for assistance with daily tasks. Detailed comparisons, often presented in the form of day-by-day or week-by-week accounts, allow prospective patients to anticipate challenges and prepare accordingly. For example, a user might share a detailed log of their pain management regimen, highlighting the effectiveness of different medications and strategies for minimizing discomfort. Another user might document the gradual reintroduction of physical activity, noting specific milestones and any setbacks encountered. These personal accounts provide a valuable resource for navigating the recovery process and making informed decisions about post-operative care. Furthermore, comparative timelines often address specific complications encountered during recovery, such as infections, seromas, or delayed wound healing. These candid disclosures, while potentially alarming, contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the potential risks and challenges involved.
In summary, recovery timelines comparison represents a crucial element within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” discussion. The sharing of varied experiences promotes realistic expectations, informs logistical planning, and facilitates better preparedness for the recovery phase. Despite the value of these user-generated timelines, individuals should recognize the variability of individual healing processes and consult with their surgeons for personalized guidance. The information gleaned from online communities serves as a valuable supplement to, not a replacement for, professional medical advice.
4. Surgical procedure specifics
The discussion surrounding “mommy makeover before and after reddit” relies heavily on detailed information regarding the surgical procedures themselves. The relationship between these surgical details and the online forum is bidirectional: individuals seeking information drive the demand for procedure-specific content, while the availability of such content influences their understanding and decision-making process. The lack of precise information regarding the components of a mommy makeover (e.g., types of breast augmentation, abdominoplasty techniques, liposuction methods) would render before-and-after images and personal narratives largely meaningless. The “cause” is the desire to understand what was surgically altered; the “effect” is detailed online descriptions and explanations by both patients and sometimes medical professionals. For example, a post might explicitly detail the use of a fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty technique to address significant skin laxity, accompanied by photographs illustrating the scar pattern and resulting abdominal contour. The inclusion of this specific detail allows other users to assess the suitability of that technique for their individual anatomical needs and desired outcomes.
The practical significance of understanding surgical procedure specifics within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” context resides in its ability to facilitate informed questions during medical consultations. Individuals equipped with knowledge of different surgical options can engage in more productive conversations with their surgeons, articulating their specific goals and concerns. They can, for instance, inquire about the benefits and risks of different breast implant profiles, the suitability of muscle repair during abdominoplasty, or the potential for combining procedures to achieve optimal results. Furthermore, detailed information about surgical techniques can assist in evaluating the skills and experience of different surgeons. By comparing the approaches employed by various practitioners, individuals can gain a better understanding of the nuances of each procedure and select a surgeon whose techniques align with their preferences. The risk factors associated with each component of a mommy makeover (e.g., capsular contracture after breast augmentation, wound dehiscence after abdominoplasty, nerve damage after liposuction) are also frequent topics of discussion, empowering individuals to make informed decisions about risk tolerance.
In summary, detailed information on surgical procedure specifics is indispensable to the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” ecosystem. It facilitates informed decision-making, empowers productive consultations with surgeons, and promotes a realistic understanding of potential risks and benefits. While user-generated content can provide valuable insights, it is crucial to verify information with qualified medical professionals and tailor surgical plans to individual anatomical characteristics and desired outcomes. The online forum should be considered a supplementary resource rather than a definitive guide to surgical planning.
5. Cost factor discussions
The financial implications of a mommy makeover are a central and frequently addressed topic within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” online community. The cost factor significantly influences decision-making, surgeon selection, and overall satisfaction with the surgical process. The correlation is evident: potential patients seek transparency regarding expenses, and the online forum provides a platform for sharing detailed cost breakdowns and discussing financial strategies.
-
Geographic Variance in Pricing
Discussions often highlight the considerable geographic variations in the cost of mommy makeovers. The price range can differ significantly between metropolitan areas and smaller towns, as well as between countries. These disparities are attributed to factors such as surgeons’ fees, facility charges, and the cost of living in different regions. Users frequently share their locations and associated costs to provide comparative data, allowing others to estimate potential expenses based on their geographic location. This information is critical for budgeting and considering travel options for more affordable procedures.
-
Component-Specific Cost Breakdown
A common theme involves detailed cost breakdowns for each component of the mommy makeover. This includes separate listings for breast augmentation (implant type and size affecting price), abdominoplasty (muscle repair and liposuction adding to the cost), liposuction in various areas, and anesthesia fees. By dissecting the overall price into individual components, potential patients gain a clearer understanding of where their money is being allocated and can make informed decisions about prioritizing specific procedures. This also allows for comparing quotes from different surgeons to identify potential cost savings.
-
Financing Options and Payment Plans
The affordability of a mommy makeover is often discussed in the context of available financing options. Users share information about medical credit cards, personal loans, and surgeon-offered payment plans. Discussions include interest rates, repayment terms, and the potential risks associated with financing elective surgical procedures. This information helps individuals assess their financial capacity to undergo a mommy makeover and make responsible decisions about debt management.
-
Hidden Costs and Post-Operative Expenses
Beyond the initial surgical fees, discussions frequently address the often-overlooked hidden costs and post-operative expenses associated with a mommy makeover. These include costs for pain medication, compression garments, post-operative appointments, childcare assistance, and potential revision surgeries. By highlighting these additional expenses, users aim to provide a more realistic financial picture, preventing unexpected financial burdens during the recovery period.
The comprehensive discussions surrounding cost factors within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” community provide a valuable resource for individuals considering these procedures. The shared information facilitates informed financial planning, allowing potential patients to navigate the complex pricing landscape and make responsible decisions about their surgical journey. It is important to note that cost should not be the sole determinant in choosing a surgeon; qualifications, experience, and patient reviews should also be carefully considered.
6. Doctor recommendation sharing
Doctor recommendation sharing constitutes an integral facet of the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” phenomenon. The forum provides a platform for individuals to exchange information regarding surgeons, their qualifications, and personal experiences. The effect of this exchange is a crowdsourced, albeit subjective, evaluation of medical professionals, which significantly influences potential patients’ decision-making process. The absence of doctor recommendations would leave prospective patients reliant solely on potentially biased marketing materials or limited professional credentials. For example, a user might share a detailed account of their consultation experience, highlighting the surgeon’s communication skills, thoroughness in explaining procedures, and attention to their individual needs. Conversely, negative experiences, such as perceived dismissiveness or unsatisfactory surgical outcomes, are also frequently shared, contributing to a balanced perspective.
The practical significance of doctor recommendation sharing lies in its ability to facilitate a more informed surgeon selection process. By considering the experiences of other patients, individuals can gain insights into a surgeon’s bedside manner, surgical competence, and commitment to patient care. This information supplements traditional methods of evaluating medical professionals, such as verifying board certifications and reviewing professional affiliations. Furthermore, discussions often delve into specific surgical techniques employed by different doctors, allowing prospective patients to compare approaches and select a surgeon whose methods align with their preferences. The potential for regional bias or the influence of individual preferences must be acknowledged; however, the aggregation of multiple experiences provides a more comprehensive assessment than individual testimonials alone. For instance, discussions may focus on surgeons specializing in particular types of breast reconstruction, enabling individuals with specific needs to identify qualified professionals.
In summary, doctor recommendation sharing is a critical component of the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” ecosystem. While individual experiences should be viewed with appropriate skepticism and caution, the collective wisdom of the online community provides a valuable resource for navigating the complex process of surgeon selection. Prospective patients are advised to supplement online recommendations with thorough research, verification of credentials, and in-person consultations to ensure informed decision-making. The online forum serves as a supplementary tool, not a definitive guide, in the pursuit of qualified and reputable medical professionals.
7. Risk and complication reports
The open exchange of information regarding potential risks and complications following a mommy makeover constitutes a critical element within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” online environment. The presence of these reports serves to counterbalance idealized portrayals of surgical outcomes, fostering a more realistic understanding of the potential challenges involved.
-
Infection Rates and Management
Reports detailing post-operative infections, including the types of infections encountered, treatment modalities employed, and the impact on recovery timelines, are prevalent. These accounts often include discussions of prophylactic antibiotic use, wound care protocols, and the potential need for additional surgical interventions to address infection. The disclosure of infection rates, while potentially alarming, contributes to a more informed assessment of the overall risk profile.
-
Wound Healing Complications
Discussions frequently address various wound healing complications, such as seromas (fluid collections), hematomas (blood collections), wound dehiscence (wound separation), and hypertrophic scarring. These reports detail the management strategies employed, including drainage procedures, compression therapy, and scar revision techniques. The sharing of photographic documentation further elucidates the appearance and progression of these complications.
-
Sensory Changes and Nerve Damage
Accounts of altered sensation, numbness, and nerve damage following mommy makeover procedures are commonly shared. These reports often describe the specific areas affected, the duration of sensory changes, and the potential for permanent nerve damage. Discussions may include the impact of surgical techniques on nerve preservation and the availability of treatments to mitigate sensory disturbances.
-
Asymmetry and Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcomes
Risk reports also encompass instances of asymmetry, contour irregularities, and generally unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes. These accounts often highlight the challenges in achieving perfectly symmetrical results and the potential need for revision surgeries to address aesthetic concerns. The sharing of before-and-after photographs, accompanied by detailed descriptions of the perceived imperfections, provides a nuanced understanding of the potential limitations of the procedures.
The candid disclosure of risks and complications within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” community serves to promote transparency and facilitate more informed decision-making. While these reports may raise concerns, they ultimately empower prospective patients to engage in more meaningful discussions with their surgeons and develop realistic expectations regarding the potential challenges associated with these transformative procedures. The information gleaned from these online discussions should be viewed as a supplement to, not a replacement for, professional medical advice.
8. Emotional impact disclosure
Emotional impact disclosure within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” discourse acknowledges the psychological and emotional effects experienced by individuals undergoing these surgical procedures. This dimension highlights the interplay between physical transformation and mental well-being, a crucial consideration often overlooked in purely clinical assessments.
-
Body Image and Self-Esteem Fluctuations
Emotional impact disclosure frequently reveals fluctuations in body image and self-esteem. While the intended outcome of a mommy makeover is often improved self-perception, individuals may experience initial anxieties related to surgical recovery, unexpected results, or the adjustment to their altered physique. Reddit threads offer examples of individuals grappling with these challenges, openly discussing their struggles with body dysmorphia or unrealistic expectations. These disclosures emphasize the importance of pre-operative psychological preparation and post-operative support.
-
Relationship Dynamics and Intimacy Concerns
Surgical alterations can influence relationship dynamics and intimacy. Emotional impact disclosures sometimes detail the effects of physical changes on marital relationships, including increased confidence and intimacy, but also potential challenges related to altered body image perceptions and communication difficulties. For example, individuals might share accounts of navigating their partner’s reactions to their new physique or addressing anxieties about physical intimacy post-surgery. These narratives underscore the importance of open communication and mutual support within intimate relationships.
-
Post-Operative Depression and Anxiety
Disclosures reveal the potential for post-operative depression and anxiety following a mommy makeover. The combination of physical discomfort, hormonal fluctuations, and altered body image can contribute to emotional distress. Reddit posts offer examples of individuals experiencing feelings of sadness, regret, or anxiety related to their surgical outcomes or the recovery process. These disclosures highlight the need for proactive mental health support and appropriate medical intervention when necessary.
-
Identity and Self-Perception Shifts
Emotional impact disclosures often explore shifts in identity and self-perception. Undergoing a significant physical transformation can prompt individuals to re-evaluate their self-image and grapple with questions of identity. Reddit threads may contain narratives of individuals feeling empowered by their renewed sense of self, but also accounts of individuals struggling to reconcile their pre-surgery and post-surgery identities. These disclosures emphasize the profound psychological impact of elective cosmetic surgery and the importance of self-reflection throughout the process.
In conclusion, the emotional impact disclosure component within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” environment underscores the multifaceted nature of these surgical procedures. By acknowledging the psychological and emotional dimensions, this online discussion provides a more holistic understanding of the mommy makeover experience, emphasizing the importance of mental well-being alongside physical transformation.
9. Informed consent resources
The presence and accessibility of informed consent resources are critically linked to the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” landscape. These resources, encompassing detailed explanations of surgical procedures, potential risks, alternative treatments, and expected outcomes, are essential for individuals navigating the complex decisions associated with elective cosmetic surgery. The cause is the increasing demand for transparency and patient autonomy; the effect is the integration of discussions about informed consent within the online community. Examples include shared links to reputable medical websites, patient information brochures, and personal accounts of the informed consent process, highlighting both positive and negative experiences. The importance of informed consent resources lies in their ability to empower potential patients, enabling them to engage in more meaningful discussions with their surgeons and make autonomous choices based on a comprehensive understanding of the procedure and its implications.
The practical application of informed consent resources within the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” context is multifaceted. Users frequently share their personal experiences with the informed consent process, detailing the information provided by their surgeons, the questions they asked, and any concerns they expressed. These accounts serve as valuable benchmarks for others, allowing them to assess whether their own consultations are adequately addressing the key elements of informed consent. Furthermore, the online forum provides a platform for clarifying misunderstandings and addressing knowledge gaps. Individuals can pose specific questions about surgical techniques, potential complications, or alternative treatments, receiving feedback from both experienced patients and, occasionally, medical professionals. This collaborative approach contributes to a more robust and nuanced understanding of the information presented during the formal informed consent process.
In summary, informed consent resources are a cornerstone of the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” online discourse. They serve to promote patient autonomy, facilitate informed decision-making, and foster a more transparent surgical experience. The challenge lies in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of information shared within the online community, emphasizing the need for critical evaluation and consultation with qualified medical professionals. These resources should supplement, not replace, the formal informed consent process conducted by surgeons.
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Mommy Makeover Discussions on Reddit
The following addresses common inquiries surrounding mommy makeover topics discussed on the Reddit platform. Information presented is intended for educational purposes and does not substitute professional medical advice.
Question 1: What types of procedures are typically included in discussions of mommy makeovers on Reddit?
Reddit discussions commonly encompass surgical procedures such as breast augmentation or lift (mastopexy), abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), and liposuction. These procedures aim to address physical changes associated with pregnancy and childbirth.
Question 2: How reliable is the information shared in “mommy makeover before and after” threads on Reddit?
Information reliability varies significantly. User-generated content reflects individual experiences and opinions, which may not be representative or medically accurate. It is essential to critically evaluate information and consult with qualified medical professionals for personalized advice.
Question 3: What are the potential benefits of reviewing “mommy makeover before and after” discussions on Reddit?
Potential benefits include gaining insights into the experiences of others, viewing before-and-after photographs, and learning about different surgical techniques and recovery timelines. However, information should be considered as supplementary to professional medical consultation.
Question 4: What are the potential risks of relying solely on information from Reddit regarding mommy makeovers?
Relying solely on Reddit information carries risks of exposure to misinformation, unrealistic expectations, and potentially biased perspectives. Individual experiences may not reflect typical outcomes, and self-diagnosis or treatment based on online content is strongly discouraged.
Question 5: How can individuals ensure they are making informed decisions about mommy makeovers based on Reddit discussions?
Individuals should verify information with qualified medical professionals, research surgeons’ credentials and experience, and attend in-person consultations. Reddit discussions should be used as a starting point for research, not as a definitive guide to surgical planning.
Question 6: Are there alternative resources to Reddit for researching mommy makeovers?
Alternative resources include professional medical websites (e.g., American Society of Plastic Surgeons), peer-reviewed medical journals, and consultations with board-certified plastic surgeons. These sources provide more reliable and objective information than user-generated content.
The information shared within online communities like Reddit can offer valuable insights into the mommy makeover experience, but it is crucial to approach this information with a critical mindset and prioritize professional medical guidance.
The subsequent section will further elaborate on the importance of consulting with qualified medical professionals before making any decisions regarding mommy makeover procedures.
Navigating Mommy Makeover Information on Reddit
This section provides guidance on effectively utilizing the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” online forum for research, emphasizing informed decision-making and realistic expectations.
Tip 1: Verify Surgeon Credentials: Prioritize discussions that explicitly mention board-certified plastic surgeons. Cross-reference surgeon names with professional organizations to confirm their qualifications and disciplinary history.
Tip 2: Seek Diverse Perspectives: Avoid relying solely on positive testimonials. Actively seek out discussions detailing negative experiences, complications, and unsatisfactory outcomes to gain a balanced understanding of potential risks.
Tip 3: Critically Evaluate Visual Evidence: Recognize that before-and-after photographs can be subject to manipulation and selective presentation. Consider factors such as lighting, posing, and editing when assessing surgical results.
Tip 4: Scrutinize Recovery Timelines: Understand that individual recovery timelines vary significantly based on factors such as age, health status, and surgical techniques employed. Compare multiple accounts and consult with medical professionals for personalized guidance.
Tip 5: Investigate Cost Discrepancies: Question significant price variations for similar procedures, as this may indicate differences in surgeon experience, facility quality, or included services. Obtain detailed cost breakdowns from multiple providers.
Tip 6: Acknowledge Emotional Impact: Recognize that mommy makeovers can have a significant emotional impact, both positive and negative. Seek discussions that address psychological well-being, body image concerns, and relationship dynamics.
Tip 7: Prioritize Informed Consent: Utilize Reddit discussions to identify key questions to ask during consultations with surgeons. Ensure a thorough understanding of the procedures, risks, and alternative options before making any decisions.
Effective navigation of the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” forum requires a critical and discerning approach. By prioritizing verified information, seeking diverse perspectives, and acknowledging potential biases, individuals can leverage this online resource to enhance their understanding and facilitate informed decision-making.
The following section concludes the article, summarizing key considerations and emphasizing the importance of professional medical consultation throughout the mommy makeover journey.
Conclusion
This exploration of “mommy makeover before and after reddit” has highlighted its role as a significant online resource for individuals considering post-pregnancy surgical procedures. The discussion has encompassed the diverse range of topics within this digital space, including visual transformation documentation, peer experience narratives, recovery timelines comparison, surgical procedure specifics, cost factor discussions, doctor recommendation sharing, risk and complication reports, emotional impact disclosure, and informed consent resources. The accessibility and breadth of information available on this platform provide potential patients with a valuable, albeit subjective, understanding of the mommy makeover journey.
While the “mommy makeover before and after reddit” platform offers valuable insights, it is imperative to emphasize the necessity of professional medical consultation. Information gleaned from online communities should serve as a supplement to, not a replacement for, individualized medical advice and thorough evaluation by qualified surgeons. Ultimately, responsible decision-making regarding elective surgical procedures necessitates a careful balance between online research and expert medical guidance, ensuring patient safety and realistic expectations.
