The occurrence of imbalanced serum levels of minerals like potassium, phosphate, calcium, and uric acid subsequent to the rapid breakdown of malignant cells, especially following cancer treatment, is a serious clinical concern. Managing this condition requires prompt and accurate intervention. The proliferation of online platforms, exemplified by social media environments, can unfortunately spread inaccurate or inappropriate advice regarding initial management strategies. Such misinformation may compromise patient safety and treatment efficacy.
Appropriate intervention is critical to prevent significant morbidity and mortality in individuals undergoing treatment for rapidly proliferating cancers. Specifically, inaccurate “first aid” approaches, disseminated through online platforms, can delay the implementation of evidence-based medical care, leading to adverse outcomes. The historical context of this issue highlights the increasing reliance on online sources for health information, underscoring the importance of discerning between credible and unreliable sources. The benefits of recognizing the potential for erroneous information are improved patient safety, timely initiation of appropriate medical management, and avoidance of complications.
This discussion will explore the specific electrolyte disturbances that occur in this oncologic emergency and detail the standard medical management protocols to effectively address them. Further, it will address the hazards of relying on unverified online resources for guidance on the immediate care of such patients and the importance of seeking professional medical consultation immediately.
1. Hyperkalemia dangers
Hyperkalemia, a hallmark of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), poses immediate and significant threats to patient well-being. This electrolyte imbalance, characterized by elevated serum potassium levels, arises from the rapid intracellular release of potassium during tumor cell lysis. The danger lies primarily in its cardiotoxic effects, capable of inducing a spectrum of arrhythmias ranging from bradycardia to ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Without prompt recognition and treatment, hyperkalemia can rapidly lead to cardiac arrest and death. The propagation of misinformation online, potentially found within social media platforms, regarding the initial management of TLS can have devastating consequences. For example, inaccurate advice that delays appropriate medical intervention, such as failing to recognize the need for immediate potassium-lowering therapies (e.g., calcium gluconate, insulin/glucose, cation exchange resins), directly endangers the patient’s life.
The presence of hyperkalemia in TLS necessitates prompt action and adherence to established medical protocols. Relying on unverified online sources, such as social media threads, for guidance on first aid interventions can lead to inappropriate or inadequate measures. For instance, advice suggesting dietary modifications or oral potassium binders as sole treatments for severe hyperkalemia fails to address the immediate threat of cardiac arrhythmia. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be necessary to remove potassium effectively. The potential for rapid deterioration underscores the critical importance of continuous cardiac monitoring and access to definitive medical care. The delay in administering appropriate potassium-lowering interventions, due to reliance on incorrect information, can lead to irreversible cardiac damage or death.
In summary, the dangers of hyperkalemia in TLS are substantial, highlighting the critical need for immediate, evidence-based medical management. The spread of inaccurate or incomplete information on online platforms, especially regarding first aid interventions, presents a significant risk to patients. Recognizing the potential for misinformation and prioritizing prompt consultation with qualified medical professionals are essential to mitigating the life-threatening consequences of hyperkalemia in the context of TLS.
2. Hyperphosphatemia risks
Hyperphosphatemia, a key electrolyte abnormality in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), presents significant risks due to the rapid release of intracellular phosphate during tumor cell destruction. Misinformation regarding the initial management of hyperphosphatemia, potentially encountered on online platforms, can lead to detrimental consequences.
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Calcium Phosphate Precipitation
Elevated phosphate levels promote the formation of calcium phosphate crystals, which deposit in soft tissues and the kidneys. This precipitation reduces serum calcium levels, exacerbating hypocalcemia, a common complication of TLS. The resulting hypocalcemia can manifest as tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Reliance on unverified online sources for first aid advice might lead to inadequate phosphate-lowering strategies, increasing the risk of calcium phosphate deposition and subsequent complications.
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Acute Kidney Injury
The deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the renal tubules can directly cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Furthermore, hyperphosphatemia can contribute to renal vasoconstriction, reducing glomerular filtration rate and exacerbating AKI. Incorrect first aid recommendations, such as neglecting the importance of intravenous hydration and phosphate binders, can accelerate renal damage. This can lead to the necessity for dialysis.
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Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Chronic hyperphosphatemia stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Elevated PTH levels promote bone resorption, further increasing serum calcium and phosphate levels. While secondary hyperparathyroidism is less of an acute concern in TLS, it can contribute to long-term complications. Relying on inaccurate first aid information may delay appropriate phosphate management, potentially contributing to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism over time.
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Increased Mortality
Severe hyperphosphatemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, including those with TLS. The complications of hyperphosphatemia, such as AKI, hypocalcemia, and cardiac arrhythmias, contribute to this increased risk. Misguided first aid attempts, fueled by misinformation found online, can delay or preclude appropriate medical interventions, thereby increasing the risk of adverse outcomes and mortality.
The risks associated with hyperphosphatemia in TLS underscore the necessity of immediate and evidence-based medical management. Erroneous guidance on online platforms, regarding initial interventions, poses a direct threat to patient well-being. Prompt consultation with medical professionals is paramount to mitigate these risks effectively.
3. Hypocalcemia complications
Hypocalcemia, a frequent consequence of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), arises due to hyperphosphatemia and the subsequent precipitation of calcium phosphate. The complications of hypocalcemia are diverse and potentially life-threatening, demanding prompt and accurate management. Misinformation regarding appropriate first aid interventions, as potentially encountered on online platforms, can exacerbate these complications. The central connection lies in the delayed or inappropriate application of calcium replacement therapy and phosphate-lowering strategies, leading to a cascade of adverse events. For example, failing to recognize the signs of hypocalcemia or attempting to correct it solely with oral calcium supplements, without addressing the underlying hyperphosphatemia, can be ineffective and detrimental. Real-life scenarios demonstrate that delayed treatment of hypocalcemia in TLS can result in tetany, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and even death. Understanding the interplay between hypocalcemia and other electrolyte disturbances in TLS is crucial for effective patient care.
The practical significance of understanding the complications of hypocalcemia in TLS extends to risk assessment and monitoring. Patients at high risk for TLS, such as those with bulky, rapidly proliferating tumors, require close monitoring of serum calcium and phosphate levels. Early recognition of hypocalcemia, coupled with appropriate interventions, can prevent severe complications. In clinical practice, intravenous calcium gluconate is often administered to address symptomatic hypocalcemia, while phosphate binders are used to reduce phosphate levels and prevent further calcium precipitation. However, the selection and administration of these therapies require careful consideration of the patient’s overall clinical condition and electrolyte balance. Incorrect information obtained from unverified online sources may lead to inappropriate dosing or choice of therapy, potentially worsening the patient’s condition.
In summary, the complications of hypocalcemia in TLS are significant and can be exacerbated by reliance on incorrect first aid information. Prompt recognition, appropriate monitoring, and evidence-based interventions are essential to prevent adverse outcomes. The challenges lie in differentiating between reliable and unreliable online resources and ensuring that patients receive timely and appropriate medical care. The broader theme emphasizes the importance of consulting qualified healthcare professionals for guidance on the management of complex electrolyte disturbances in oncologic emergencies.
4. Uric acid nephropathy
Uric acid nephropathy, a significant complication of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), is inextricably linked to the electrolyte disturbances that characterize the condition. The rapid breakdown of tumor cells releases large quantities of nucleic acids, which are subsequently metabolized into uric acid. The resulting hyperuricemia, if left unmanaged, can lead to the precipitation of uric acid crystals within the renal tubules, causing obstruction and acute kidney injury. Misinformation concerning the initial management of TLS, particularly information disseminated via online platforms, presents a tangible threat to patients by potentially delaying or misdirecting appropriate interventions for hyperuricemia and its sequelae. For example, the advice to simply “drink more water” as a sole treatment strategy for hyperuricemia fails to address the need for allopurinol or rasburicase, medications that effectively reduce uric acid production or break down existing uric acid crystals. Such incomplete or inaccurate information can thus exacerbate the risk of uric acid nephropathy.
Effective management of uric acid nephropathy in TLS necessitates a multifaceted approach, emphasizing prevention and early intervention. Intravenous hydration with alkaline fluids is crucial to increase urine volume and solubility of uric acid. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is typically administered to reduce uric acid production. Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase enzyme, offers a more rapid reduction in uric acid levels and is often employed in patients at high risk for TLS or those with pre-existing renal dysfunction. The selection of the appropriate treatment strategy depends on the patient’s renal function, uric acid levels, and the severity of TLS. Relying on unverified online resources for guidance on treatment protocols can lead to inappropriate or inadequate interventions. For example, delaying the administration of rasburicase in a patient with severe hyperuricemia and AKI, based on misinformation from an online forum, may result in irreversible renal damage and the need for dialysis.
In summary, uric acid nephropathy is a critical consideration in the context of TLS, directly influenced by the effectiveness of hyperuricemia management. Erroneous information regarding first aid interventions, circulating on platforms like social media, can have detrimental consequences by delaying or misdirecting appropriate medical care. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of uric acid nephropathy, coupled with adherence to evidence-based treatment protocols, is essential to minimize the risk of renal complications in patients with TLS. The dissemination of accurate information and the emphasis on professional medical consultation are paramount in preventing adverse outcomes.
5. Cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac arrhythmias represent a life-threatening consequence of the electrolyte imbalances that define Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS). Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and rapid shifts in these electrolytes directly affect cardiac electrophysiology, predisposing patients to a range of arrhythmias, from bradycardia and heart block to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The propagation of incorrect first aid information on online platforms regarding TLS management can significantly increase the risk of these arrhythmias. For instance, advice suggesting inadequate hydration or inappropriate use of oral electrolyte supplements without addressing the underlying electrolyte derangements can worsen the cardiac instability. In real-world scenarios, patients relying on such flawed guidance may experience delayed or inappropriate medical care, leading to a progression of electrolyte imbalances and a heightened risk of cardiac arrest. The interplay between these electrolyte disturbances and cardiac function underscores the importance of accurate and timely intervention.
The practical implications of understanding this connection are crucial for clinicians and patients alike. Prompt identification of TLS risk factors, coupled with continuous cardiac monitoring, is essential for early detection of arrhythmias. Aggressive management of electrolyte imbalances, guided by evidence-based protocols, is paramount in preventing cardiac complications. Interventions may include intravenous calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia, insulin and glucose for hyperkalemia, and phosphate binders for hyperphosphatemia. Misleading information encountered online, particularly regarding initial management strategies, can undermine these efforts and increase the likelihood of adverse cardiac events. The challenge lies in ensuring patients have access to reliable information and receive prompt medical attention from qualified healthcare professionals. For instance, if someone experiencing TLS symptoms follows advice on a social media platform to only drink sports drinks to replenish electrolytes, the underlying hyperkalemia could be exacerbated, leading to potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
In summary, cardiac arrhythmias are a critical and potentially fatal complication of the electrolyte disturbances associated with TLS. The dissemination of inaccurate or incomplete first aid information on online platforms presents a significant risk to patients. Accurate and timely medical intervention, based on evidence-based protocols, is essential to mitigate the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and improve patient outcomes. The emphasis should be on accessing verified medical information and seeking prompt professional medical care in suspected cases of TLS.
6. Renal failure potential
The potential for acute renal failure is a primary concern in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), directly linked to the severity of electrolyte disturbances and the appropriateness of initial management strategies. The propagation of incorrect first aid information, particularly through online platforms, can significantly increase the risk of renal compromise.
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Phosphate-Induced Nephropathy
Hyperphosphatemia, a hallmark of TLS, leads to the precipitation of calcium phosphate crystals within the renal tubules. This crystalline deposition causes direct tubular damage and obstruction, reducing glomerular filtration rate and potentially leading to acute kidney injury. Inadequate phosphate management, stemming from reliance on misinformation, exacerbates this process.
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Uric Acid Crystallization
Hyperuricemia, resulting from the breakdown of nucleic acids, promotes the formation of uric acid crystals within the renal tubules and collecting ducts. This crystallization causes intrarenal obstruction and inflammation, contributing to acute renal failure. Delaying or neglecting the administration of urate-lowering therapies, based on incorrect advice, increases the risk of uric acid nephropathy.
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Calcium-Related Renal Injury
While less direct, hypocalcemia, secondary to hyperphosphatemia, can indirectly contribute to renal injury. Severe hypocalcemia may lead to decreased renal perfusion and altered tubular function. Furthermore, attempts to correct hypocalcemia without addressing the underlying hyperphosphatemia can exacerbate calcium phosphate precipitation within the kidneys. Inappropriate calcium supplementation, based on misinformation, can worsen renal outcomes.
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Inadequate Hydration
Volume depletion exacerbates the risk of renal failure in TLS. Inadequate intravenous hydration, whether due to insufficient fluid administration or inappropriate fluid selection, concentrates electrolytes and promotes crystal formation within the renal tubules. Misinformation promoting insufficient fluid intake can dramatically increase the risk of renal compromise.
These mechanisms underscore the critical role of appropriate and timely management of electrolyte disturbances in mitigating the risk of renal failure in TLS. Erroneous first aid guidance, potentially disseminated through online platforms, can undermine these efforts, leading to avoidable renal complications and potentially irreversible kidney damage. Prompt professional medical intervention is paramount.
7. Dialysis necessity
Dialysis becomes a necessity in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) when conservative management fails to adequately address the severe electrolyte imbalances and subsequent complications. This intervention is directly linked to the potential for inappropriate initial management stemming from incorrect information sources. When “first aid” measures, obtained from unreliable online platforms, such as social media, are implemented instead of established medical protocols, the electrolyte derangements characteristic of TLS hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia can rapidly progress to life-threatening levels. For example, if online advice suggests managing hyperkalemia with dietary modifications alone, rather than immediate administration of medications like calcium gluconate or insulin/glucose, the delay in effective treatment can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and subsequent renal failure. This renal failure, caused by a combination of uric acid crystal deposition, calcium phosphate precipitation, and direct tubular damage, necessitates dialysis to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and to remove accumulated toxins.
The practical significance of understanding the connection between reliance on incorrect online advice, progression to severe electrolyte imbalances, and the ultimate necessity for dialysis lies in emphasizing the critical importance of prompt and appropriate medical intervention. The goal in managing TLS is to prevent the need for dialysis by aggressively addressing the underlying electrolyte derangements and supporting renal function. This includes intravenous hydration, allopurinol or rasburicase for hyperuricemia, phosphate binders for hyperphosphatemia, and careful monitoring of serum electrolytes. When initial measures are inadequate, due to reliance on misinformation, the cascading effects can overwhelm the kidneys, leading to irreversible damage and dependence on dialysis. For instance, a patient who uses incorrect information found on online forums could delay seeing a medical professional while their kidneys suffer progressive damage, meaning that by the time they seek medical attention, dialysis is the only option.
In conclusion, the necessity for dialysis in TLS represents a failure of early intervention, often compounded by the adoption of incorrect first aid measures obtained from unreliable sources. The challenges lie in counteracting the proliferation of online misinformation and ensuring that patients at risk for TLS receive prompt, evidence-based medical care. The broader theme underscores the potential dangers of self-treating based on information from unverified sources and highlights the paramount importance of seeking professional medical guidance for complex medical conditions.
8. Misinformation hazards
The potential for misinformation to negatively impact patient outcomes in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is substantial. Reliance on inaccurate or incomplete information regarding the management of electrolyte imbalances, particularly during the initial stages of care, can have severe consequences. Online platforms, including social media sites, serve as conduits for the rapid dissemination of unverified medical advice. This poses a significant risk to individuals and caregivers who may be seeking immediate guidance. The hazard lies in the potential for delayed or inappropriate medical intervention, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. For example, advice advocating for simple hydration with over-the-counter sports drinks as the sole treatment for hyperkalemia in TLS is demonstrably inadequate and dangerous. Such a strategy fails to address the need for prompt medical therapies, such as intravenous calcium gluconate or insulin/glucose, to shift potassium intracellularly and protect cardiac function. The result is a delay in effective treatment, potentially leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. The accessibility and perceived credibility of online sources often mask the lack of expertise or scientific validation behind the information, making it difficult for individuals to discern between accurate and inaccurate recommendations.
The consequences of misinformation are further compounded by the complex interplay of electrolyte disturbances in TLS. Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia interact synergistically, creating a cascade of adverse effects. For instance, hyperphosphatemia promotes calcium phosphate precipitation, exacerbating hypocalcemia and increasing the risk of tetany and seizures. Misinformation that focuses on a single electrolyte abnormality without addressing the broader metabolic picture can lead to incomplete and potentially harmful management strategies. This underscores the importance of a comprehensive understanding of TLS pathophysiology and adherence to established medical protocols. Online forums and social media groups, while offering a sense of community and support, can inadvertently promote the spread of misinformation. Unverified anecdotes and personal experiences often overshadow evidence-based recommendations, leading to a distorted perception of appropriate care. The propagation of inaccurate information undermines the efforts of healthcare professionals to provide optimal patient care and increases the risk of preventable complications.
Mitigating the hazards of misinformation in TLS requires a multi-pronged approach. Healthcare professionals must actively engage in patient education, emphasizing the importance of seeking prompt medical attention and relying on trusted sources of information. Public health campaigns can raise awareness about the dangers of self-treating based on unverified online advice. Online platforms also bear a responsibility to moderate health-related content and promote accurate information. The challenge lies in balancing the accessibility of online resources with the need to ensure the quality and accuracy of medical information. The broader theme highlights the critical importance of health literacy and the need for individuals to critically evaluate the information they encounter online, especially when it pertains to complex medical conditions such as Tumor Lysis Syndrome. Prompt consultation with qualified healthcare professionals is paramount to ensuring appropriate and effective management and to avoid the potentially devastating consequences of misinformation.
Frequently Asked Questions About Electrolyte Changes in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and the Hazards of Incorrect First Aid Information Found Online
The following addresses common concerns and misconceptions regarding the management of electrolyte imbalances in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), particularly concerning the risks associated with relying on unverified online sources for guidance.
Question 1: What are the most dangerous electrolyte changes associated with TLS?
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia represent the most immediately life-threatening electrolyte disturbances in TLS. Hyperuricemia also poses a significant risk, primarily due to its potential to cause acute renal failure.
Question 2: Why is online “first aid” advice regarding TLS often unreliable?
Online platforms frequently lack rigorous medical oversight and peer review. Information may be incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated, potentially leading to inappropriate or delayed medical intervention. This can significantly worsen patient outcomes.
Question 3: What are the potential consequences of following incorrect online advice for managing hyperkalemia in TLS?
Relying on inadequate strategies such as dietary modifications alone can delay the administration of life-saving treatments like intravenous calcium gluconate or insulin/glucose. This can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and death.
Question 4: Can incorrect online advice regarding TLS lead to kidney failure?
Yes. Misinformation regarding hydration, phosphate management, or urate-lowering therapies can exacerbate hyperuricemia and hyperphosphatemia, leading to acute renal failure and the potential need for dialysis.
Question 5: What should be done immediately if TLS is suspected?
Immediate consultation with a qualified healthcare professional is essential. Do not rely on unverified online resources for guidance on initial management. Seek prompt medical evaluation and treatment at a hospital or emergency department.
Question 6: What is the role of phosphate binders in managing TLS, and why is it crucial to follow medical advice?
Phosphate binders help to reduce phosphate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, mitigating hyperphosphatemia and its associated complications. The specific type, dosage, and timing of phosphate binder administration must be determined by a healthcare professional based on individual patient factors. Incorrect or delayed administration can worsen hypocalcemia and renal complications.
In conclusion, the information obtained from online sources should never replace the guidance of a qualified medical professional, particularly when dealing with the complex and potentially life-threatening condition of Tumor Lysis Syndrome. The risks associated with incorrect first aid measures are substantial, emphasizing the importance of seeking prompt and appropriate medical care.
Please consult a medical professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Navigating Electrolyte Imbalances in Tumor Lysis Syndrome
The following provides guidance on managing electrolyte abnormalities associated with Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), emphasizing the importance of avoiding unverified online resources for first aid interventions.
Tip 1: Recognize TLS Risk Factors: Identify patients at high risk for TLS, such as those with bulky tumors, rapidly proliferating cancers, or sensitivity to chemotherapy. Proactive monitoring is essential.
Tip 2: Prioritize Prompt Medical Consultation: If TLS is suspected, immediate consultation with a qualified healthcare professional is paramount. Do not delay seeking medical care based on online advice.
Tip 3: Disregard Unverified Online Information: Exercise extreme caution when encountering health-related information on online platforms. Verify the credibility of sources and consult with medical professionals before implementing any recommendations.
Tip 4: Understand Evidence-Based Management Strategies: Familiarize yourself with established medical protocols for managing electrolyte imbalances in TLS, including intravenous hydration, urate-lowering therapies, and phosphate binders. Adhere to evidence-based guidelines.
Tip 5: Monitor Electrolyte Levels Closely: Frequent monitoring of serum potassium, phosphate, calcium, and uric acid levels is crucial for detecting and managing electrolyte disturbances effectively.
Tip 6: Adhere to Medical Professionals Instructions: Strictly adhere to the treatment plan prescribed by medical professionals. Do not modify or discontinue medications based on information obtained from unverified online sources.
Tip 7: Emphasize Patient Education: Educate patients and caregivers about the risks of TLS and the importance of seeking prompt medical attention. Encourage them to rely on trusted sources of information, such as healthcare providers and reputable medical organizations.
These tips emphasize the importance of informed decision-making in managing TLS and the potential dangers of relying on unreliable online resources. Prioritizing professional medical guidance is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
The following provides a summary of key takeaways.
Electrolyte Changes in Tumor Lysis Syndrome First Aid Incorrect Reddit
This exploration of the potential hazards associated with misinformation regarding electrolyte imbalances in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), particularly as it relates to online platforms, reveals a significant risk to patient safety. The rapid dissemination of inaccurate or incomplete guidance regarding initial management strategies can undermine appropriate medical intervention and negatively impact outcomes. Reliance on unverified sources, such as social media forums, may lead to delayed or inappropriate treatment, increasing the likelihood of severe complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and death.
The complex interplay of electrolyte disturbances in TLS necessitates prompt and evidence-based medical care. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate monitoring, and adherence to established treatment protocols are essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Health literacy and critical evaluation of online information are paramount. Individuals should prioritize consultation with qualified healthcare professionals for guidance on managing TLS and avoid the potentially devastating consequences of misinformation. The future outlook requires sustained efforts to combat the spread of inaccurate health information online, empowering individuals to make informed decisions regarding their medical care.
