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In basketball, a “one-and-one” situation arises when a team has accumulated a certain number of fouls in a period. In the context of professional basketball leagues, including the NBA, understanding the penalty system related to team fouls is crucial. The one-and-one, also known as a bonus free throw, means that if a team has reached the designated foul limit in a quarter, any subsequent foul committed by that team results in the opposing player getting a chance to shoot one free throw. If that free throw is successful, the player then gets to shoot a second free throw. If the first free throw is missed, the play continues as normal and no second free throw is awarded.

The significance of the one-and-one lies in its potential to dramatically shift the momentum of a game. Accumulating team fouls can put a team at a disadvantage, as it provides the opposing team with opportunities to score uncontested points from the free-throw line. Historically, different iterations of foul rules have been implemented in the NBA, aiming to balance the game between offensive flow and defensive physicality. Understanding the number of fouls that trigger the bonus, and subsequently the potential for one-and-one situations, is vital for both players and coaches in strategizing game management and avoiding unnecessary fouls. The potential for easy points when in the bonus influences player behavior and tactical decision-making during gameplay.

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